The TPS provides opportunities for scientists in a wide range of researches to reveal structures, electron interactions, functions of matters, and their dynamics, using various spectroscopies, imaging methods, and scattering techniques. Major experimental techniques at the TPS include X-ray diffraction (XRD), protein crystallography (PX), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), photoemission spectroscopy (PES), angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES), X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL), small X-ray scattering (SAXS), coherent diffraction imaging (CDI), X-ray ptychography, transmission X-ray miroscopy (TXM), and soft X-ray tomography (SXT).